tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-260731302024-03-13T07:29:43.648-03:00Cave 5A little book of solutions...J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.comBlogger163125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-76461131734870890622018-07-24T19:04:00.002-03:002018-07-24T19:04:28.518-03:00Copying files from remote to localhost<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Just for Linux</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Remote host to localhost:</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">username@remotehost.com:file /local_directory/ </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">From localhost to Remote host</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">scp file username@remotehost.com:/remote_directory/ </span></div>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-90547834678424578472018-04-10T18:53:00.001-03:002018-04-10T18:53:15.283-03:00Prevent ssh timeouts<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Locally add the following to </span><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">~/.ssh/config</span><br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">ServerAliveInterval 120 # null packet every 120 seconds </span><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">On the server side add the following:</span><br /><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">ClientAliveInterval 120 # null packet every 120 seconds <br />ClientAliveCountMax 720 # 24hs </span><div>
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Done!</span></div>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-10112921906144093742018-04-05T18:27:00.000-03:002018-04-05T18:34:45.449-03:00fail2ban unban ip<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">To search all the ips that were banned we enter interactive mode:</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">$ fail2ban-client -i</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Then we check a jail status, for example </span><span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">sshd</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">:</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">> status sshd</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">the output:</span></div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">Status for the jail: sshd</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">|- Filter</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">| |- Currently failed:<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>0</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">| |- Total failed:<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>27</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">| `- File list:<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>/var/log/auth.log</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">`- Actions</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> |- Currently banned:<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>37</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> |- Total banned:<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>38</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> `- Banned IP list:<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><a big list of banned ips></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">So, if we want to unban a particular ip address, let's say X</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Then, we execute:</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">> set ssh unbanip </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">(within interactive mode)</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Lastly, if you want to execute it directly from command line:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ fail2ban-client get <JAIL> actionunban <IP-ADDRESS></span><div>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">That's all.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-39271522193648708782017-11-23T12:12:00.004-03:002017-11-23T12:12:40.068-03:00Cleaning Bash History...<pre class="lang-bsh prettyprint prettyprinted" style="border: 0px; font-family: consolas, menlo, monaco, "lucida console", "liberation mono", "dejavu sans mono", "bitstream vera sans mono", "courier new", monospace, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; max-height: 600px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; word-wrap: normal;"><code style="border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: inherit;"><span class="pln" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Just run:</span></code></pre>
<div>
<code style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: consolas, menlo, monaco, "lucida console", "liberation mono", "dejavu sans mono", "bitstream vera sans mono", "courier new", monospace, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: inherit;"><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></code><br />
<div class="post-text" itemprop="text" style="border: 0px; font-family: ubuntu, arial, "libra sans", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 660px; word-wrap: break-word;">
<pre class="lang-bsh prettyprint prettyprinted" style="border: 0px; font-family: consolas, menlo, monaco, "lucida console", "liberation mono", "dejavu sans mono", "bitstream vera sans mono", "courier new", monospace, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1em; max-height: 600px; overflow: auto; padding: 5px; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto; word-wrap: normal;"><code style="border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: inherit;"><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><code style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: consolas, menlo, monaco, "lucida console", "liberation mono", "dejavu sans mono", "bitstream vera sans mono", "courier new", monospace, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: inherit;"><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">cat </span><span class="pun" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/</span><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dev</span><span class="pun" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/</span><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">null </span><span class="pun" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">></span><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span class="pun" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">~/.</span><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">bash_history </span><span class="pun" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">&&</span><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> history </span><span class="pun" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">-</span><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">c </span><span class="pun" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">&&</span><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> exit</span></code></span></code></pre>
<div>
<code style="border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: inherit;"><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; color: #303336; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><code style="border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: inherit;"><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; color: #303336; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></code></span></code></div>
</div>
<code style="border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, "Lucida Console", "Liberation Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, sans-serif; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: inherit;"><span class="pln" style="border: 0px; color: #303336; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
</span></code></div>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-41186231650322112382017-04-01T11:34:00.002-03:002017-04-01T11:34:25.431-03:00The document "mydoc" could not be saved. You don’t have permissionJust run the following command:<br />
<pre style="background: padding-box padding-box rgb(234, 234, 234); border-radius: 0.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(219, 219, 219); color: #393939; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace; font-size: 14.4px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; hyphens: none; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; overflow: auto; padding: 0.55em 0px 0.55em 0.5em; position: relative; tab-size: 1; text-shadow: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: normal;"><code style="background: none; border-radius: 0.25em; border: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Monaco, monospace; font-size: 14.4px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-shadow: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">$ chmod -R -N mydoc</code></pre>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-82693720433892013892016-09-26T11:43:00.000-03:002016-09-26T11:43:07.837-03:00*** System Restart Required *** - Ubuntu<br />Which packages need a system reboot?<br /><br />Just check <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">/var/run/reboot-required.pkgs</span>J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-66154901566623016902016-09-21T09:20:00.005-03:002016-09-21T09:23:05.613-03:00Install memcached in Mac OS El Capitan<br />
<br />
The easiest way to install memcached is to use homebrew package installer:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">$ brew install memcached</span><br />
<br />
This locates memcached in <span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">/usr/local/opt/memcached/bin/</span><br />
<br />
Starting memcached (by default at port 11211 or with -p port_number):<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">$ memcached -p 9000</span><br />
<br />
To have launchd start memcached now and restart at login:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">$ brew services start memcached</span><br />
<br />
To change the default ram size (64mb) used by memcached use -m option:<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ memcached -m 128 -p 9000</span><br />
<br />
Lastly, run memcached as a daemon with -d:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">$ memcached -d -p 9000</span>J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-67035823256029849642016-07-20T09:54:00.000-03:002016-07-20T09:54:10.254-03:00Install compass in Mac Os El CapitanSo,<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ sudo gem install compass is not working?</span><br />
<br />
Do you have ruby installed?<br />
If not install it using brew:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ sudo brew install ruby </span><br />
<br />
First try updating your gem version:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ sudo gem update --system</span><br />
<br />
Then try again installing compass:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ sudo gem install compass</span><br />
<br />
Oh... now you get a:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">Fetching: compass-1.0.3.gem (100%)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">ERROR: While executing gem ... (Errno::EPERM)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;"> Operation not permitted - /usr/bin/compass</span><br />
<br />
Run the following:<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$ sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin compass</span><div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Done.</div>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-49089405258735713122016-06-26T19:47:00.001-03:002016-06-26T19:47:43.656-03:00Test a webpage speed using Pingdom<br />
Outstanding web page to measure a webpage speed.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://tools.pingdom.com/">https://tools.pingdom.com/</a>J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-46495668467544964612015-12-27T17:24:00.004-03:002015-12-27T17:24:37.894-03:00<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Bad programmers worry about the code. Good programmers worry about data structures and their relationships."</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Linus Torvalds</span></blockquote>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-16468854639330087232015-12-01T12:30:00.001-03:002015-12-01T12:30:26.234-03:00Python Ipdb Cheatsheet<h2 style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #333333; font-family: Nunito, HelveticaNeue-Light, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.3em; line-height: 23.1px; margin: 30px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: justify;">
Command CheatSheet</h2>
<ol style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Nunito, HelveticaNeue-Light, 'Helvetica Neue Light', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 23.1px; margin: 20px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">h(elp)</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Without argument, print the list of available commands. With a command name as argument, print help about that command.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">w(here)</code>: Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom. An arrow indicates the “current frame”, which determines the context of most commands.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">d(own)</code>: Move the current frame one level down in the stack trace (to a newer frame).</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">u(p)</code>: Move the current frame one level up in the stack trace (to an older frame).</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">b(reak)</code>: [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, condition] ]</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
With a filename:line number argument, set a break there. If filename is omitted, use the current file. With a function name, set a break at the first executable line of that function. Without argument, list all breaks. Each breakpoint is assigned a number to which all the other breakpoint commands refer.</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
The condition argument, if present, is a string which must evaluate to true in order for the breakpoint to be honored.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">tbreak</code>: [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, condition] ]</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Temporary breakpoint, which is removed automatically when it is first hit. The arguments are the same as break.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">cl(ear)</code>: [bpnumber [bpnumber …] ]</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
With a space separated list of breakpoint numbers, clear those breakpoints. Without argument, clear all breaks (but first ask confirmation).</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">disable bpnumber</code>: [bpnumber …]</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Disables the breakpoints given as a space separated list of breakpoint numbers. Disabling a breakpoint means it cannot cause the program to stop execution, but unlike clearing a breakpoint, it remains in the list of breakpoints and can be (re-)enabled.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">enable bpnumber</code>: [bpnumber …]</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Enables the breakpoints specified.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">ignore bpnumber count</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Sets the ignore count for the given breakpoint number. If count is omitted, the ignore count is set to 0. A breakpoint becomes active when the ignore count is zero. When non-zero, the count is decremented each time the breakpoint is reached and the breakpoint is not disabled and any associated condition evaluates to true.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">condition bpnumber condition</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
condition is an expression which must evaluate to true before the breakpoint is honored. If condition is absent, any existing condition is removed; i.e., the breakpoint is made unconditional.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">s(tep)</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Execute the current line, stop at the first possible occasion (either in a function that is called or in the current function).</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">n(ext)</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Continue execution until the next line in the current function is reached or it returns.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">unt(il)</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Continue execution until the line with a number greater than the current one is reached or until the current frame returns.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">r(eturn)</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Continue execution until the current function returns.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">run</code> [args…]:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Restart the debugged python program. If a string is supplied it is splitted with “shlex”, and the result is used as the new sys.argv. History, breakpoints, actions and debugger options are preserved. “restart” is an alias for “run”.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">c(ont(inue))</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Continue execution, only stop when a breakpoint is encountered.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">l(ist)</code>: [first [,last]]</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
List source code for the current file. Without arguments, list 11 lines around the current line or continue the previous listing. With one argument, list 11 lines starting at that line. With two arguments, list the given range; if the second argument is less than the first, it is a count.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">a(rgs)</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Print the argument list of the current function.</div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
<code style="background: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-radius: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 218, 218); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', 'lucida console', 'Courier New', monospace; font-size: 0.9em; margin: 0px 3px; padding: 1px 3px;">p expression</code>:</div>
<div style="margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px;">
Print the value of the expression.</div>
</li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Nunito, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 23.1px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Nunito, HelveticaNeue-Light, Helvetica Neue Light, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 23.1px;"><b>source: <a href="http://frid.github.io/blog/2014/06/05/python-ipdb-cheatsheet/">http://frid.github.io/blog</a></b></span></span></div>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-84555369712418575482015-11-23T10:32:00.001-03:002016-08-11T15:16:30.326-03:00How to turn on "three finger drag" on Mac Os X<ol>
<li>From the Apple menu, choose System Preferences. </li>
<li>Click the Accessibility icon. </li>
<li>Choose Mouse & Trackpad from the options on the left. </li>
<li>Click Trackpad Options. </li>
<li>Place a checkmark next to "Enable dragging." </li>
<li>From the related pop-up menu, choose “three finger drag” so there's a checkmark next to it. </li>
<li>Click OK.</li>
</ol>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-985317592262290792015-07-03T16:57:00.001-03:002015-07-03T16:57:24.674-03:00Latex superscript outside math mode<br />So...you want to avoid doing: <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">$9^{th}$ July</span>.<br /><br />Then, you can use textsuperscript like: <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">9\textsuperscript{th} July</span>.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-2784952812982928882015-05-15T07:35:00.001-03:002015-05-15T07:35:32.929-03:00RIP BB King<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kDci-jPOsW4/VVXLpRRCk_I/AAAAAAAAAfo/vpxS7DjottA/s1600/bbking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="225" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kDci-jPOsW4/VVXLpRRCk_I/AAAAAAAAAfo/vpxS7DjottA/s400/bbking.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-44515534399459219062015-02-28T14:05:00.003-03:002016-08-22T12:39:21.960-03:00Stories of the Past and Future (from xkcd)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7oyRRWBr3gs/VPH1Ig-mfWI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/v3RWMFz7cWM/s1600/stories_of_the_past_and_future_large%2B(1).png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="movies" border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7oyRRWBr3gs/VPH1Ig-mfWI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/v3RWMFz7cWM/s1600/stories_of_the_past_and_future_large%2B(1).png" title="" width="351" /></a></div>
<br />
source: <a href="http://xkcd.com/1491/large/">http://xkcd.com/1491/large/</a>J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-74104631529618305602014-07-01T16:00:00.004-03:002015-03-11T09:45:00.845-03:00Argentina - Suiza<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QFUmdXAdGkY/U7MFVilsytI/AAAAAAAAATg/OHdAzyTrEI4/s1600/messi_suiza.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QFUmdXAdGkY/U7MFVilsytI/AAAAAAAAATg/OHdAzyTrEI4/s1600/messi_suiza.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-45485446785117626082014-06-27T10:57:00.002-03:002014-06-27T10:57:55.065-03:00Messi<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U5ehAvwcbrs/U614NNSZlHI/AAAAAAAAATQ/990wwx8cNSI/s1600/messi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U5ehAvwcbrs/U614NNSZlHI/AAAAAAAAATQ/990wwx8cNSI/s1600/messi.jpg" height="640" width="451" /></a></div>
<br />J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-4879324345870270142014-06-01T18:30:00.000-03:002014-06-01T18:30:00.035-03:00Internationalization<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Daily, millions of users consume a huge amount of
information available in Internet. The explosion of mobile devices has done
nothing but encourage the devouring attitude. Few years ago, the only method accessible was using a desktop computer. Nowadays, users in their way to work or back
to home, access different to websites looking for information to satisfy their
desires.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Companies have seen this opportunity and have turned to distribute
content worldwide. One of the big issues is that users decline to be limited to a fixed
category no matter if it is cultural, political or language. Customers demand that
their ideas, culture and beliefs are respected. The fact is that these customers
are no longer situated in a specific area or country; furthermore, they are located
all over the globe. News, politics, shopping, games, are some of the main areas
that an average users prefer. If you want to succeed and increase your the
number of loyal clients, you have to think <b>globally</b>.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
One popular way to reach more users is simply to
internationalize your software products. By internationalize we mean, ensure
that it will work well for, can be easily adapted for, users with different
cultures, regions or languages. In the software world it’s commonly named as
“i18n”.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4>
Localization versus Internationalization</h4>
<div>
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<br />
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Sometimes, these two terms are often considered as synonyms across
different websites but the fact is they aren’t.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Localization</i> refers to the process of adapting a product,
application or document content to meet the market needs from the view of
culture, language and other related requirements (also called “l10n”).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Some customizations that are of concern:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Numeric.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Date
and time formats.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Use
of currency<span style="font-family: Symbol;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Keyboard
usage<span style="font-family: Symbol;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Collation
and sorting<span style="font-family: Symbol;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Symbols,
icons and colors.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Text
and graphics containing references to objects or actions (in distinct cultures
may have different meanings).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Varying
legal requirements</span></li>
</ul>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
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mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
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<!--StartFragment-->
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">According
to <b>W3C</b>, <i>internationalization</i> is the design and the development of a product,
application or document content that enables easy localization for target
audiences that vary in culture, region or language.</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
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<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>JA</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
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<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
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<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
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table.MsoNormalTable
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mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
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font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Cambria;
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<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<!--EndFragment--></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Typical activities that are considered:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white; text-indent: -18pt;">Designing and
developing in a way that removes barriers to localization or international
deployment (using <a href="http://www.unicode.org/">Unicode</a>, handling correctly legacy characters, issues when
concatenating strings, avoiding dependencies in code of the user interface, etc.).</span></li>
<li><em style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"></span></em><em style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Providing support for features that may not be used until localization
occurs (supporting bidirectional text or identifying the language,</span></em><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10.5pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">adding specific <a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-fonts/">CSS primitives</a> for supporting
vertical text or other non-Latin typographic features)</span><em style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-style: normal; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">.</span></em></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="background: white; text-indent: -18pt;">Enabling code to support local, regional, language, or
culturally related preferences (include date and time formats, local calendars,
number formats and numeral systems, sorting and presentation of lists, handling
of personal names and forms of address).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Se</span><span style="background: white; text-indent: -18pt;">parating localizable elements from source or content,
such that localized alternatives can be loaded or selected based on the user's
international preferences as needed.</span></li>
</ul>
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mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
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font-family:Cambria;
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<![endif]-->
<!--StartFragment-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background: white;">These items do not
necessarily include localization of the content; they are good practices that ensures
that if a migration needs to take place it can be done easily (without a catastrophic refactoring).</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--EndFragment--></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Internationalization is a fundamental step in the designing
and developing process for delivering content globally. Anyway, it is much more
expensive and time consuming readapting a linguistically and culturally
deliverable than to include this process at first in the development process.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<h4>
</h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal;">Some general internationalization guidelines follows to illustrate the power and scope of this process.</span></h4>
<h4>
Text and Words Guidelines</h4>
<br />
<ul>
<li>Use simple sentences. Depending of your needs
and target market the language might be different, but it is recommendable to
use English if you think in something global. Furthermore, it is easier to
translate from English to other languages. <span style="text-indent: -18pt;">In addition, use a restricted set of
vocabulary and follow Noun-Verb-Object sentence structure. Users don’t have all
the same language proficiency. You want attract them, not disinterest or bore
them.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Try to avoid acronyms, abbreviations and slang. All
are difficult and sometimes confusing to translate.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Avoid using three noun words (stringing three
nouns together).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Don’t use local or computer jargon (for example:
AI for artificial intelligence, App for application, Bug for programming error,
etc.).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Avoid culturally specific examples. In some
countries they are not seen with good eyes.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">All references to national, racial, religious
and sexist stereotypes should be avoided. Even if they are jokes.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">A telegraphic writing style is not recommended (terse
style where words such as “and,” “the,” and “is,” are omitted).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Write in a formal or semi-formal style. An
over-friendly style is not recommended as it can be considered condescending
and irritating for the reader.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Adhere to local user language idioms and
cultural contexts. There are some words that have different meaning in distinct
countries.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Preserve the original word if it can’t be
translated. For example: “Disk Drive” and “zooming” don’t exist in Thai.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Some words translated to other languages need
more screen space. For instance, in Gmail “Inbox” is translated to Spanish as
“Bandeja de Entrada”. Take care of extra space for this kind of issues
(horizontally and vertically speaking). The National Language Technical Center from
IBM proposed a guideline for calculating the extra space required from the
character number.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wSKaL4_sWlc/U4iwRTN2veI/AAAAAAAAARw/CrkgZh-6On0/s1600/expanding+text.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wSKaL4_sWlc/U4iwRTN2veI/AAAAAAAAARw/CrkgZh-6On0/s1600/expanding+text.png" height="188" title="" width="400" /></a></div>
</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">The main choices at the moment of selecting
alternative languages should be: German in Europe, Arabic in Middle East,
Japanese in Far East as suggested Microsoft. This company also applied this
guideline in the following order due to the complexity of each one: Japanese,
Arabic and German.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Place icon captions outside of the graphic to
save redrawing the entire icon per translation. Avoiding this, the only thing
needed is to translate the text to the desired language.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Adhere to local formats for date, time, money,
measurements, addresses, and telephone numbers.</span></li>
</ul>
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<!--EndFragment--><br />
<h4>
Image and Symbols</h4>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Adhere
to local cultural and social norms. The meaning of the images may confuse the
users. Objects like mailboxes, trashcans are different in some countries.
Develop proper images for the cultures where they will be used.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Use
internationally accepted symbols. The International Standard Association (<a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards.htm">ISO</a>)
has developed standard shapes for different purposes. Don’t reinvent the wheel.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Develop
generic images. If a user uses many versions of the same product and images are
diametrically different, he will be totally lost. Try to standardize the images
in your product.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Be
extremely careful with:</span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Religious
symbols (crosses and stars).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">The
human body.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Women.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Hand
gestures.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Flags.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Controversial
geographic maps.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">The
cross and check for check boxes (</span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marujirushi">O mark</a> used in Korea and Japan).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Review
proposed graphical images early in the design cycle.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
<h4>
Color, Sequence, and Functionality</h4>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Adhere
to local color connotations and conventions. The association of colors is different
in many countries. In Spain, mailboxes are yellow but in England and Argentina they
are red or blue. The following chart some of the interpretations of colors in different countries:<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OBTj_8j0aXo/U4iwiPEXw_I/AAAAAAAAAR4/g6RIKrggCZk/s1600/colors.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OBTj_8j0aXo/U4iwiPEXw_I/AAAAAAAAAR4/g6RIKrggCZk/s1600/colors.png" height="201" width="320" /></a></div>
</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Provide
the proper information sequence. The information shown in the screen has a
logical flow that in some countries may be different. Clear examples are
cultures where they read from right to left like Arabic countries or from top
to down like Japan or Korea.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Provide
the proper functionality. Some functionalities provided in the product can be
accepted in some countries but in others not. All the functionalities should be
reviewed to ensure that they don’t generate any cultural trouble.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Remove
all references to features not supported. All internationalization
functionalities that are not available or not supported should be eliminated. Otherwise,
they will generate noise and confuse the users.</span></li>
</ul>
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From any point of view, internationalization should be
considered from the starting point. Modern web application frameworks such as
<a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/topics/i18n/">Django Framework</a> and <a href="http://simplespringtutorial.com/i18n.html">Spring Framework</a> provide internationalization features to
help the developers to build powerful web applications without suffering a
complete refactoring. Furthermore, the cost and time of starting from scratch
rather than trying to internationalize the product once deployed is quite
minimum. Even though a global scope is not aimed, things in the future might
change. Expect for the unexpected...just in case.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4>
References</h4>
<br />
<ul>
<li>W3C Website - <a href="http://www.w3.org/International/" style="text-indent: -18pt;">http://www.w3.org/International/</a></li>
<li>Designing Web Usability, Jakob Nielsen, Peachpit Press</li>
<li>The Essential Guide to User Interface Design: An
Introduction to GUI Design Principles and Techniques, 3rd Edition,Wilbert
O. Galitz, John Wiley & Sons</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2>
<o:p></o:p></h2>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-27802991275843522982014-06-01T10:48:00.002-03:002014-06-01T10:48:49.010-03:00The Rabbit Problem <b>Problem</b><br />
A certain man put a pair of rabbits in a place surrounded on all sides by a wall.<br />
How many pairs of rabbits can be produced from that pair in a year if it is supposed that every month<br />
each pair begets a new pair which from the second month on becomes productive?<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
Leonardo da Pisa </div>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-48472936328528052962014-05-18T18:30:00.000-03:002014-05-18T18:30:00.722-03:00Native, Web and Hybrid Apps<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The explosion of mobile applications has caught the
attention of many companies for developing their own applications. The idea of
having another way of interacting with the customers is very tempting. For
example, banks have found that allowing basic banking operations using an
application attracts customers that already use a mobile device<span style="color: #252525; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. </span>However<span style="color: #252525; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><span style="color: #252525;">d</span>eveloping an
application is not easy as it sounds. There are different approaches one can
take depending on the requirements and the needs of the company. In general, there
are three popular approaches: Native Applications,
Web Applications and Hybrid Applications.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What are Native
Applications?</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">They are applications developed for running only in only one
platform. Currently, the platforms that capture more subscribers are iOS from
Apple and Android from Google with 52.1% and 41.2% respectively. Far away
from those numbers come other mobile platforms with less “followers” like Blackberry
10 from Blackberry Ltd and Firefox OS from Mozilla Foundation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In general, mobile applications are downloaded from common
markets or stores, like Apple’s App Store or Google Play Store (before was
called Android Market) and then installed on the device. The applications are
offered in two ways: as free or as pay. This is one way in which developers and
stores earn money. One part develops the application and the other distributes
it by means of the store.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The other way
is by mean of ads in the application and websites. This is how Google Play
Store for example, get most of their profits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Revenues and
Downloads</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=26073130" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=26073130" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=26073130" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=26073130" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In 2013, Apple reported that their customers spent over $10
billion on their App Store with almost three billion downloads in
December. On the other side of the street, Google Play Store’s revenue share
has been growing at a moderated but firm pace compared with Apple. Apple’s
App Store is mostly fed by China and US and to a lesser extent by Vietnam and
South Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the battle of apps downloads, the current champion is
Google Play Store with a difference near 45% over Apple’s App Store. This
incredible volume of downloads is in part due to the emerging markets such as
from Mexico and from Turkey where the adoption of Android devices is booming. Also,
downloads were strong in countries like Brazil and Russia. Moreover, the already
established markets (US and UK) are helping to shorten distance in the revenue
field. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The projections indicate that Google will continue narrowing
the revenue gap with Apple and leading downloads in during 2014.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zaif4BKfPZ0/U3j9TkippEI/AAAAAAAAAQc/n_5SGUazaSo/s1600/Store-Download-Revenue-Charts.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-zaif4BKfPZ0/U3j9TkippEI/AAAAAAAAAQc/n_5SGUazaSo/s1600/Store-Download-Revenue-Charts.png" height="161" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What are the Pros and
Cons of developing Native Applications?</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pros:</span></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<ul><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Native applications use built-in features of the
device and perform faster. Some of the most common features are the camera, the GPS, the accelerometer and the compass.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">These applications get support from the app
stores and marketplaces. Users can find and download what they want from the stores.</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; text-indent: -18pt;">A native mobile
app can produce the best user experience. High performance and fluid interaction
can squeeze out all the built-in features and hardware in benefit of the user.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Stores have strict audit procedures for ensuring
that new apps follow the security standards (most of the markets). Therefore, users can download applications safely.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Native applications suit better for developers
because platforms provide SDKs and other tools for developing applications
faster and easier.</span></li>
</span></ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">
</span>
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cons:</span></b></h4>
<h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">A Native application
approach can be expensive since they must be developed in each platform one by
one. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">Programming skills are required for each platform. </span></li>
<li><span class="MsoIntenseEmphasis" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The cost of maintaining
native applications is higher, especially if the application supports more than
one mobile platform.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="MsoIntenseEmphasis" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">The process of approval for
publishing an application on a marketplace can be long, as the requisites are
high. Also, there is no guarantee that the application will be accepted. Even
more, that the application will be top listed.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="MsoIntenseEmphasis" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">If there are different
versions of the same app, it will be difficult to maintain and offer support.</span></span></li>
</ul>
</h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What are Web Applications?</span></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">They are websites that may look and feel like native
applications but under the hood are not the same. A web app is simply HTML5 (or simply HTML),
JavaScript, CSS rendered by a browser. The web browser renders the web
application like any other regular webpage. There is no need to download the
application in order to access to it, only is needed the URL and that is all. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Some
elements typically present in native application are emulated by the
application such as swiping horizontally to change the section or <a href="http://forecast.io/#/f/40.4086,-3.6922">similar design</a> as seen in
Android or iOS applications.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What are the Pros and
Cons of developing Web Applications?</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></h4>
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pros:</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l6 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"></span><br />
<ul><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">They are easy to maintain as they share the same
source code for multiple mobile platforms.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Web Apps can be compatible with almost any old
device (with browsing capabilities).</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">These apps do not require passing through a
rigorous approval process, just saving the URL.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">There are no restrictions of time or design for
releasing the application. The developers publish the application when is
necessary.</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">All updates are transparent to the users as they
only enter to the URL and execute always the last version available.</span></li>
</span></ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">
</span><br />
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cons:</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Web apps only can access a subset of the
features available in the devices.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">The cost of supporting multiple platforms is
high, as well as the maintenance too.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">The wide variety of devices makes difficult to
offer support and study the usage patterns.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">The visibility of the application is reduced, as
it is not listed in an app store.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">There are no standardized quality procedures for
web apps, for this, quality and security of the app is not guaranteed.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">What are Hybrid
Applications?</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">These applications take a native wrapper and put inside a
web application. That is, the native wrapper is a native application from the
outside while the content is HTML, JavaScript and CSS. These kinds of
applications are distributed by app stores, just like native applications. Although
there are differences, users in general cannot distinguish between native
applications and hybrid applications.</span><br />
<h4>
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></h4>
<h4>
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pros:</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">They are faster to develop since the development
process is the same as follow by web development and small amount of native
coding is necessary.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">The tools for developing hybrid applications are
evolving and maturing rapidly getting closer to native tools.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Hybrid Applications can be deployed in app
stores.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">They provide the best of both worlds, native
apps + HTML5.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">These applications can work without Internet
connection.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<h4>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Cons:</span></b></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">They are not native apps despite of being packed
by a native wrapper. The web engine is the one provided by the platform and so
the performance is not the same as a native app.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">No frequent updates (in the case of offline
caching).</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Lastly, at the moment of deciding what type of application is needed
for your business there are some aspects should be considered carefully.</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Deciding how important is speed and performance.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Determining if Internet access is necessary.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Allocating the necessary budget for developing
the application.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Choosing between using device’s built-in
features or not.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Adopting an advertisement strategy (monetize the
application).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Focusing on your target users (specific market/platform
dependent).</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Some sources:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2014/01/07App-Store-Sales-Top-10-Billion-in-2013.html" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2014/01/07App-Store-Sales-Top-10-Billion-in-2013.html</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://thenextweb.com/mobile/2014/04/04/comscore-apple-takes-41-3-share-top-us-smartphone-maker-samsung-hits-27-android-outgains-ios/" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://thenextweb.com/mobile/2014/04/04/comscore-apple-takes-41-3-share-top-us-smartphone-maker-samsung-hits-27-android-outgains-ios/</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.fiercedeveloper.com/story/distimo-google-play-revenue-grew-51-over-last-six-months/2013-12-30" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.fiercedeveloper.com/story/distimo-google-play-revenue-grew-51-over-last-six-months/2013-12-30</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://blog.appannie.com/app-annie-index-market-q1-2014/" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://blog.appannie.com/app-annie-index-market-q1-2014/</span></a></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2013/01/23/html5-vs-native-mobile-apps-myths-and-misconceptions/"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.forbes.com/sites/ciocentral/2013/01/23/html5-vs-native-mobile-apps-myths-and-misconceptions/</span></a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.medialab.ie/mobilevnativeapps/"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.medialab.ie/mobilevnativeapps/</span></a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://mobiledevices.about.com/od/additionalresources/qt/The-Pros-And-Cons-Of-Native-Apps-And-Mobile-Web-Apps.htm"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://mobiledevices.about.com/od/additionalresources/qt/The-Pros-And-Cons-Of-Native-Apps-And-Mobile-Web-Apps.htm</span></a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.wired.com/2012/11/native-apps-v"><span style="font-size: x-small;">http://www.wired.com/2012/11/native-apps-v</span></a></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-78251201601161772922014-05-11T18:30:00.000-03:002014-05-11T18:30:00.153-03:00Interaction Design Guidelines for Home Automation<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the last years, home automation became a reality as a
result of an increased availability of different commercial solutions. Some examples of these options can be X10,
UPB, Insteon and Z-Wave. Also, the fact that costs decrease day by day making
this type technology widely accessible to almost every home.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The idea of smart home, which is controlled by themselves,
understands the context and performs actions, has provided new research fields
and opportunities. In spite of that, there are still controversial opinions
toward how can smart homes improve the life and care of the elderly or of
people with different disabilities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Among the different disabilities, people with impaired motor
abilities can take advantages of eye tracking methods to control their homes.
This kind of tracking strategies can exploit this limited ability to build a
communication channel for interaction and as a result opening new
possibilities for computer-based communication and control solutions. Home
automation can be the link between software and tangible objects, enabling
people with motor disabilities to effectively and physically communicate with
their environment.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The European Network of Excellence, COGAIN (Communication by
Gaze Interaction), studied in 2004 the advantages and drawbacks of using
eye-based systems in the home automation field. Their results identified that there weren't advanced functionalities for controlling appliances and neither interoperability between them. Also, the execution of actions was an issue for
the existing eye-tracking mechanisms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A few years later, members of COGAIN proposed 21 guidelines
to promote safety and accessibility in eye tracking methods for environmental
control applications.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">One of the first applications of this set of guidelines was
the DOGeye project, a multimodal eye-based application for home management and
control, based on tracking and home control.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">COGAIN Guidelines</span></b></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The COGAIN project was launched in September of 2004 with
the goal of integrating vanguard expertise on gaze-based interface technologies
for the benefit of users with disabilities. The project was quite successful
as it gathered more than 100 researchers from different companies and </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">research groups; all</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> related with eye tracking integration with computers and in assistive
technologies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In 2007, the members of project published a <i>“Draft
Recommendations for Gaze Based Environmental Control”</i>. This document proposed a
set of guidelines for developing domotic control interfaces based on eye
interaction. These guidelines were developed from real uses cases where people
with impairments perform daily activities in domotic environments.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The document divided the guidelines into four categories:</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Control
Application Safety:</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">guidelines that determine
the behaviour of the application under critical situations such as emergencies
or alarms.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Input
Methods for Control Application:</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> guidelines about the input methods that
the application should support.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Control
Application Signification Features:</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> guidelines impacting the management of
commands and events within the house</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Control
Application Usability:</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> guidelines concerning the graphical user interface
and the interaction patterns of the control applications.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Each guideline has a priority level compliant with the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WAI-WEBCONTENT-19990505/#priorities">W3C style</a>:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Priority
1:</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> indicates that <i>must</i> be implemented by the applications as it is related
with safety and basic features.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Priority
2:</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> indicates that <i>should</i> be implemented by the applications.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There are three important issues that control interfaces
must deal with:</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Asynchronous
Control Sources:</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">the control interface needs to <i>continuously update</i>
the status of the house (icons, menus, labels, etc.) according to the home situation.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Time
Sensitive Behaviour:</span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> in critical conditions, like an emergency, eye control
may become unreliable. </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In these cases, the control interface must offer
simple and clear options, easy to select and must be able to take the safest
action in case that the user cannot answer on time. This kind of behaviours offer automated actions triggered by rules. For instance, if it is raining, close the windows. In any case, the user should be able to cancel the automated
action and also be aware that it is been executed.</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Structural
and Functional Views:</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> control interfaces can organize the information into
<i>structural</i> or <i>functional</i> logic. The first one displays the information in a
physical fashion, similar to the real disposition of elements in the house. The
second option suits best with actions that doesn’t have a “localized”
representation, like turning the anti-theft system on. Good interfaces should
find a balance between these two views.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The
a summary of the guidelines follows:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Guideline</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Content</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Priority Level</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1.1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide a fast, easy to understand and
multi-modal alarm notification.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1.2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide the user only few clear options to
handle alarm events.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1.3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide a default safety action to overcome
an alarm event.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1.4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide a confirmation request for critical
& possibly dangerous operations.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1.5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide a STOP Functionality that
interrupts any operation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2.1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide a connection with the COGAIN
ETU-Driver.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2.2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Support several input methods.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2.3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide re-configurable layouts.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2.4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Support more input methods at the same time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2.5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Manage the loss of input control by
providing automated default actions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3.1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Respond to environment control events and
commands at the right time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3.2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Manage events with different time critical
priority.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3.3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Execute commands with different priority.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3.4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide feedback when automated operations
and commands are executing.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3.5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Manage Scenarios.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">3.6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Communicate the current status of any
device and appliance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4.1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide a clear visualization of what is
happening in the house.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">1<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4.2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide a graceful and intelligible
interface.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4.3<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide a visualization of status and
location of the house devices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4.4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Use colors, icons and text to highlight a
change of status.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">4.5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide an easy-to-learn selection method.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<h4 style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">DOGeye</span></b></h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">DOGeye
was planned as a solution to fill the blank of a home control application in
compliance with COGAIN guidelines, through multi-modal interaction with special
attention on <i>eye tracking technologies</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: justify;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OJQaXg7XQ9I/U253Ekc9nOI/AAAAAAAAAPs/-Ml2Ry7kyA4/s1600/context_of_dogeye.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OJQaXg7XQ9I/U253Ekc9nOI/AAAAAAAAAPs/-Ml2Ry7kyA4/s1600/context_of_dogeye.png" height="235" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">DOGeye communicates with <a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4669684&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4669655%2F4669656%2F04669684.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4669684">Domotic OSGi Gateway (Dog)</a>
through a XML- RPC connection. This connection allows information exchange and
controlling other devices inside the smart environment. This home control
application can be controlled by gaze, by communicating with the eye tracker
through a universal driver (<a href="http://www.eyeinteract.com/show.php?app=27">ETU-Driver</a>) or by external elements such as
keyboard, mouse or touch screen devices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dog, an ontology-based domotic gateway, provides
the interaction with smart homes. This gateway is able to integrate and
abstract functionalities of different domotic systems, offering a uniform
high-level access to the home technologies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The interface was designed through an iterative process, starting from a
scratch layout and iteration by iteration refining the design until the final
design was reached compliance with COGAIN guidelines. A capture and video of the interface
follows. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span><br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/pqdbabk-0hk" width="420"></iframe><br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X0PGogYSDHs/U2521xbTRXI/AAAAAAAAAPk/g3Xd2nk6n6s/s1600/dogeye_interface.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X0PGogYSDHs/U2521xbTRXI/AAAAAAAAAPk/g3Xd2nk6n6s/s1600/dogeye_interface.png" height="472" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>DOGeye Interface</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2"
o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:315pt;height:233pt;
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There are 8 main elements in the interface disposed in a top
menu bar. Each element, when activated, displays a tab with the main details of
that element.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Home
Management</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> contains the basic devices present in a house. These are the devices
that belong to the mains electricity wiring such as shutters, doors, lamps,
etc.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Electric
Device</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> contains the electrical appliances not belonging to the entertainment
system, such as a coffee maker.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Entertainment
</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">contains the devices for entertainment, such as media centers and TVs.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Temperature</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">
allows handling the heating and cooling system of the house.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Security</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">
contains the alarm systems, anti-theft systems, etc.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Scenarios</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">
handles the set of activities and rules defined for groups of devices.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Everything
Else</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"> contains devices not directly falling in the previous tabs, e.g., a
weather station.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Settings</b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">
shows controls for starting, stopping and configuring the ETU-Driver.</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Scenario</span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">If you wanted to turn on the lamp in the
kitchen and warm coffee, you should follow the following steps. </span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">First, look
briefly at <i>“Home Management”</i> to activate this tab. The map of the kitchen will
appear rapidly. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Then stare at the<i> “Enter the room”</i> tab for a time. After doing that, you will see the list of all devices present in that
room. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">To select the lamp you would look at it and then stare at the <i>“On”</i> button
presented in the command area. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Finally, to warm the coffee look at <i>“Electric Device”</i>
tab and use the same procedure.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h4 style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Usability Testing of DOGEye</span></b></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Previous to the testing, a short introduction to the study
and the collection of demographic data was done. Afterwards, a static DOGeye
screenshot was shown to the participants to gather a first impression on the
interface.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The usability testing was divided into three main phases: warm-up, task execution and test conclusion. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The warm-up phase was executed after calibrating the eye
tracker with the participant’s eye. Next, the participant played a simple game
for getting used to the eye tracking interaction. This phase was considered
finished after achieving a pre-established number of points in the game.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the task phase each participant was told to complete a
set of nine tasks, one at a time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For
two of them, the participants were asked to use the <i>think-aloud protocol</i>, to
verify the actions performed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In last phase, test conclusion, participants were given a questionnaire
and asked to rate DOGeye in general, and to rate their agreement with the same
sentences proposed earlier, just after seeing the screenshot of DOGeye. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The duration of the entire experiment was dependent on eye
tracker calibration problems and on how quickly participants answered the
questions, but it ranged between 20 and 30 minutes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For testing this application, 8 participants
(5 female and 3 male, aged 21 to 45) used DOGeye in a controlled environment.
These participants performed nine tasks each, with Dog simulating the behaviour of a realistic home. The quality of the eye movement of each participant was
not taken into account for the study, since eye tracking is only the input
modality.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The tasks were the following ones:</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Task 1:</b> Turn on the lamp in the living
room.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Task 2:</b> Plug the microwave oven in the
kitchen.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Task 3:</b> Find a dimmer lamp, turn it on and
set its luminosity to 10%.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Task 4:</b> Cancel the alarm triggered by the
smoke detector.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Task 5:</b> Turn on all the lamps in the
lobby.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Task 6:</b> If the heating system in the
bedroom and in the kitchen is off, turn
it on.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Task 7:</b> Set to 21 degree the heating
system for the entire house.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Task 8:</b> Send a general alarm to draw
attention in the house.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>Task 9:</b> Read the smoke detector status and
expand the video of the room to full screen.</span></li>
</ul>
<h4 style="margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">R</span></o:p><b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">esult of the
Usability Testing</span></b></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The result of the usability testing was positive
and provided useful insights on the application explicitly designed for eye
tracking support. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A short summary of the findings follows:</span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Some of the users suggested refactor the top
menu. Like splitting the <i>“Home Management”</i> into two different tabs, <i>“Lighting
System”</i> and <i>“Doors and Windows”</i>. Also, <i>“Everything Else”</i> tab should be removed
because the participants could not understand the meaning.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">None of the participants used the “multiple
selection” feature. Each of them used “single selection”, therefore the feature was removed from the application (except from
temperature since it is the only viable modality for multiple selection in this
tab).</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">The users appreciated the vocal feedback and the
tab divisions.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">T</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">he presence of a camera in the <i>“Security”</i> tab was something that they found marvellous.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The study concluded with very good feedback from participants, pointing out some errors in the design and motivating the developers to progress in the field and continue enhancing the product. Also, it is the kick off for helping and improving life quality for people with motor impairments from a common starting point.</span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Reference:</span></h4>
</div>
<ul><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
<li style="text-align: justify;">De Russis, Luigi, Emiliano Castellina, Fulvio Corno, and Darío Bonino. "DOGeye: Controlling Your Home with Eye Interaction." PORTO Publications Open Repository TOrino. Politecnico Di Torino, 16 June 2011. Web. 10 May 2014.</li>
</span></ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">
</span>J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-46758619964709756672014-05-11T05:52:00.000-03:002014-05-11T05:53:09.887-03:00Just an Empty Post...sup?J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-24724926321849639512014-03-26T15:50:00.003-03:002014-03-27T08:59:12.281-03:00Detailed Interaction Design<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The information that a website or application can exhibit to an user can be organised in different ways. A user navigates looking for information with a specific objective. The easier and faster he finds the information, the greater the satisfaction and productivity will be. For this reason is that we should facilitate tools that aid the user to achieve his goals. Navigation menus is one of the tools that facilitates the user to navigate inside the information architecture of website using dialog boxes, "boxes" (can be of any shape), images or even also simply text. L</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">ets illustrate an hypothetical situation where a customer wants a to buy a product from a company A. This company has one of the best products in the market. Their website contains lot of information regarding the products offered and the company itself but the data is unstructured and it is presented into single page. On the other side of the river, the competence B, has a well organised site with a simple top menu for navigating the information concentrating the main services, products and company information. This menu helps the user to access directly the information with a single click. So, the customer visits A's website looking for a product but disoriented with such a huge amount of information and unnatural navigation style; he finally desists. Next, the customer go to the competence's website and with just a couple of clicks using the top menu, he finds and buys the desired product. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Most of the time, users are not patient and in fact, they lose it really easily. Currently, there are lot of websites that despite of having menus still have navigation problems. Moreover, having a good navigation design is not an easy task and should be tackled properly. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VyZ5Ky3ods8/UzKhzgAjYVI/AAAAAAAAAMA/buH9LR-q7GI/s1600/menu_design.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VyZ5Ky3ods8/UzKhzgAjYVI/AAAAAAAAAMA/buH9LR-q7GI/s1600/menu_design.png" height="195" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Menu Tree - www.lushai.com</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Three distinct goals must be obtained to have a pretty decent navigation.</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Provide means to go from a place to another without overcomplicating the connections.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Communicate the relationship between the elements it contains.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">Communicate the relationship between its contents and the page the user is currently viewing. </span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">There are different types of navigation designs with different characteristics.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br />
<b>Global Navigation</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This type of navigation design provides access to the main areas or key points of a site. Every place where the user wants to go, eventually, will arrive there.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gQpDAf6554A/UzK55BuQswI/AAAAAAAAAM0/EvZYT2bI6MA/s1600/global+menu.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gQpDAf6554A/UzK55BuQswI/AAAAAAAAAM0/EvZYT2bI6MA/s1600/global+menu.png" height="100" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Global Navigation</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Local Navigation</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In this kind of navigation design, the user moves through the parent, siblings and children. Moreover, this style provides access to nearby elements in the architecture.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eHqtCiB5lks/UzK6BxUWDFI/AAAAAAAAAM8/AZ2JWOYcxPw/s1600/local+menu.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eHqtCiB5lks/UzK6BxUWDFI/AAAAAAAAAM8/AZ2JWOYcxPw/s1600/local+menu.png" height="113" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Local Navigation</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Supplementary Navigation</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This navigation design provides shortcuts to different parts of the architecture that are not easily reachable by global navigation or local navigation but at the same time maintaining a hierarchical structure.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-09sQRG0SVZw/UzK6JhGK-mI/AAAAAAAAANE/93C2toyfseY/s1600/suplementary+menu.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-09sQRG0SVZw/UzK6JhGK-mI/AAAAAAAAANE/93C2toyfseY/s1600/suplementary+menu.png" height="120" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Supplementary Navigation</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Contextual or Inline Navigation</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sometimes while navigating content, the user need extra information. Instead of scanning through the content or outside the site, it adds hyperlinks embedded to the extra data. Not understanding the user needs and using this type of navigation design can lead to confusion.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-acOkm_40OUc/UzK6U6dF2PI/AAAAAAAAANM/n4U_JJ0gxMA/s1600/contextual_menu.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-acOkm_40OUc/UzK6U6dF2PI/AAAAAAAAANM/n4U_JJ0gxMA/s1600/contextual_menu.png" height="112" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Contextual Navigation</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Courtesy Navigation</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It's useful to provide elements that are not needed on a regular basis but they are provided because of convenience. Typical examples are feedback forms, contact information and policies and principles.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VlJbvq8wWqc/UzK6gTPSvvI/AAAAAAAAANU/VOwY22UNG74/s1600/courtesy+navigation.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-VlJbvq8wWqc/UzK6gTPSvvI/AAAAAAAAANU/VOwY22UNG74/s1600/courtesy+navigation.png" height="127" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Courtesy Navigation</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Remove Navigation</b><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In this design, the navigational device is not embedded in the structure and it's independent from the content or the functionality. For instance, <a href="http://www.xml-sitemaps.com/">site maps</a> and <a href="http://www.sitepoint.com/a-z-indexes/">index</a> (also called "</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">web site A-Z indexes"</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">) are clear examples of this type. When a user can't find what he wants using the other kind of navigational styles he lean toward to this type. The site map is a outline of the architecture of the site with links in a hierarchical order. Site maps usually provide two levels of depth at maximum. The most common way of generating index navigation is with a list of links of important elements alphabetically ordered.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SLX1sBQHGOo/UzLBQhgc2oI/AAAAAAAAAN4/AmvNfec2_qA/s1600/Screen+Shot+2014-03-26+at+12.59.31.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SLX1sBQHGOo/UzLBQhgc2oI/AAAAAAAAAN4/AmvNfec2_qA/s1600/Screen+Shot+2014-03-26+at+12.59.31.png" height="288" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Site Index</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Screen Layout Diagram</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">These are all the elements that forms the interaction context and how they are placed into a window or page. The layout defines the size, spacing, emphasis the GUI elements and location of the elements. Good layouts helps users to find what they are looking without forgetting the visual appearance. Nowadays is a highly searched characteristic in the market for products of any kind. Google's <a href="http://developer.android.com/distribute/googleplay/publish/preparing.html">Play Store</a> and Apple's <a href="https://developer.apple.com/app-store/review/">App Store</a> have basic guidelines that each app can follow concerning design, screens layout and also internal programming structures and details. Sometimes the process starts drawing the layout in paper with the elements placed to see how well they suit. There are also tools like <a href="http://www.invisionapp.com/">inVision</a> and <a href="http://balsamiq.com/">balsamiq</a> which facilitates designing layout prototypes with predefined drag-and-drop elements. </span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oTePo4x6vFs/UzK7B1sPkwI/AAAAAAAAANc/9zhCdRYRY_0/s1600/balsamiq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oTePo4x6vFs/UzK7B1sPkwI/AAAAAAAAANc/9zhCdRYRY_0/s1600/balsamiq.png" height="227" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Balsamiq App</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Patterns</b></span></h4>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Although how we access the information is important also it is how the user consume it. Users unconsciously use different patterns while reading the content of a website depending if attracts or repulses the attention.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Reading Pattern</b></span><br />
<div class="epub__textfl" id="P0240_CHP003" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Users reads from the left to the right and from the top to the bottom following the layout or visual structure of the page. During the reading, most of the words are read but the content that seems unimportant or requires a lot of effort is skipped. This pattern is assimilated to the pattern used while reading a book </span></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>F-Shaped Pattern For Reading Web Content</b></span><br />
<div class="epub__textfl" id="P0240_CHP003" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In a study conducted by Jakob Nielsen, he recorded how 232 users look at thousands of website pages. Their findings indicate that t<span style="color: #2b2828; line-height: 18.200000762939453px;">he </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b2828; line-height: 18.200000762939453px;">dominant reading pattern </span><span style="color: #2b2828; line-height: 18.200000762939453px;">looks like an F shape and has three components: </span></span></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #2b2828; direction: ltr; line-height: 1.6; list-style-position: outside; margin: -5px 0px 5px 40px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">At the top area of the sites, users read in an horizontal movement. </span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">After that, users read a little more in the content of the page going down and the start reading horizontally again.</span></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Lastly, users scan what is left of content in a <span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">vertical movement</span>.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: #2b2828; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 25.600000381469727px;">Using heatmaps for tracking eye movements he distinguishes an F pattern.</span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3B5JTRq-Xy8/UzK_wYNvmVI/AAAAAAAAANo/_2YwOLE-NzU/s1600/Screen+Shot+2014-03-26+at+12.44.32.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3B5JTRq-Xy8/UzK_wYNvmVI/AAAAAAAAANo/_2YwOLE-NzU/s1600/Screen+Shot+2014-03-26+at+12.44.32.png" height="203" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">F-shaped pattern</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="epub__textfl" id="P0240_CHP003" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="epub__textfl" id="P0240_CHP003" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Arching Pattern</b></span></div>
<div class="epub__textfl" id="P0240_CHP003" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In this pattern, the user scans the page starting in the upper left corner and ends in the lower right. The upper right corner, strong fallow area, sometimes is being notice and the lower left corner is called weak fallow area. This way of scanning path is also known as Guttenberg Path. </span></div>
<div style="text-indent: 14.399999618530273px;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6lVLbHaH7nM/UzKxpoUToGI/AAAAAAAAAMQ/OyE5k97kSCg/s1600/gutenberg_diagram.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6lVLbHaH7nM/UzKxpoUToGI/AAAAAAAAAMQ/OyE5k97kSCg/s1600/gutenberg_diagram.png" height="243" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Guttenberg Path</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="text-indent: 14.399999618530273px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /><b>Small Screen Pattern</b></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In devices where the screen size is limited like smartphones and some tables, the scanning pattern is different. The path starts in the upper left corner and goes down until the end of the screen following a straight line. Once the device is turned right, the screen width is expanded and the pattern converts to something similar to the reading pattern. </span></div>
</div>
<div class="epub__text" id="P0255_CHP003" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 1em;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Conversation Pattern</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: 1em;">"Monologue conversations" explain to the user everything. They answer every question that he could have without involving the user. Sometimes it is a good approach but the user doesn't have a voice in deciding what to read or what to omit.</span><br />
<div class="epub__text" id="P0265_CHP003" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 1em;">
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.399999618530273px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2Gv4VwnTKoA/UzK3rVxXyPI/AAAAAAAAAMg/amnH9jtVSQU/s1600/setup_license.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2Gv4VwnTKoA/UzK3rVxXyPI/AAAAAAAAAMg/amnH9jtVSQU/s1600/setup_license.png" height="257" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sign Up with Long License </span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="epub__text" id="P0265_CHP003" style="margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">P<span style="background-color: white;">yramid inverted style conversations display a summary with the important or essential information first and continues progressively disclosing details of content. This approach let the user decides when to stop reading because he finds sooner the useful information and if he think it is necessary he can continue reading for extra data.</span></span></div>
<div class="epub__text" id="P0265_CHP003" style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 0em; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 1em;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.399999618530273px;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Coh9qEOuAt8/UzK5r_71Z8I/AAAAAAAAAMs/Oh7s_LvXw0Q/s1600/inverted-pyramid.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Coh9qEOuAt8/UzK5r_71Z8I/AAAAAAAAAMs/Oh7s_LvXw0Q/s1600/inverted-pyramid.jpg" height="295" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Inverted Pyramid Style</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Styleguides</b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">They are documents that compile and explain all the
information regarding a software product (or suite of products) user
interfaces. In general companies include templates, design control and
rules, logos, colours, typographies, illustrations and photographies. The main
purpose is to have centralised storage for consistency developed in an
iterative process and to communicate user experience standards across an organisation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Some important concepts should be kept in mind while
creating or updating a styleguide.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;">Keep the audience in mind - </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Different
people inside a company such as developer, designers and business analysts can
use these elements.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Plan for success - </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Think in advance
what can make your styleguide successful in your organisation.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Keep it alive - </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Styleguides become
soon outdate, for that reason they should be produced in way that they can be
easily maintained and supported.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">D</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">efine a review
process - </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Define a specific
process for reviewing and modifying the styleguide.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Think of the
platform differences - </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The different
platforms available in the market make us to choose if we support a specific
platform or be neutral. If it is neutral in reference to the platforms, will be
harder to maintain and bigger the spreading.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Socialize the
document in your organisation - Promote the use of
it throughout all the levels of the organisation. This ensures that everybody
knows the existence, understanding and actively use of it. The more, the
better.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">C</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">learly define
mandatory and flexible standards -</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Ensure supporting
new platforms and new creative ideas setting mandatory standards that are also
flexible. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Make the
styleguide as scannable and searchable as possible - </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Facilitate
searching and browsing capabilities that will make easier to find what they are
looking for. Visual examples are desired always if possible.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">P</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">rovide real
world example - </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Illustrate with
examples from real applications to demonstrate your point. Try to cover as many
applications if it is a large organisation with different applications.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Everything counts at the moment of enhance the user interaction, so better focus effort on it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="line-height: 25.349998474121094px;">"Interaction design is about behaviour, how things work. [...]</span></span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 25.349998474121094px;">Defining what happens when a person uses a product or service is what interaction designers do.[...]</span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 25.349998474121094px;">The reason we do it is to enable connections interactions between people.[...]</span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 25.349998474121094px;">All of these things and many, many more are about connecting people and helping them communicate better between themselves and the world." (by </span></span><span style="color: #222222; line-height: 25.349998474121094px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Dan Saffer</span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 25.349998474121094px;">)</span></div>
J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-18850140413369617602014-03-03T12:33:00.004-03:002014-03-03T12:33:51.142-03:00About Design<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">We live surrounded by tons of products that are no longer ordinary or inactives. Most of them are interactive and because we are so used to them, we are not conscious in what manner they contribute to our daily live. Those devices I'm talking about are mobile phones, personal computers, coffee machines, printers, videogames, just to list a few of them.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The important question here is: </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">How many are easy to use and enjoyable without making a huge effort?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Of course, this is pretty easy to answer and the list will be quite small!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sometimes we end up hammering our heads against the wall because we are not able to complete the desired task with this product.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Why this happens?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The answer is because some products were not designed with the user in mind.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The aim of interaction design is to solve these kind of issues bringing usability to the design process. That is, developing products that are easy, effective, and enjoyable to use from the user perspective.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Good Design vs Poor Design </span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A good way to start thinking when a product has a good or bad interactive design is explore some examples that reflect the concept we are looking for.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YIov28ok0x4/UxRW3xFHqJI/AAAAAAAAAJ0/3ncIDkKg37o/s1600/hittingtheraidio.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YIov28ok0x4/UxRW3xFHqJI/AAAAAAAAAJ0/3ncIDkKg37o/s1600/hittingtheraidio.gif" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Hitting the radio</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Why I cannot use the radio while carrying my beverages?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EPzpMuPZl_c/UxReZb13EBI/AAAAAAAAAKE/FhOZK7Vh3N0/s1600/coffeemachine.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EPzpMuPZl_c/UxReZb13EBI/AAAAAAAAAKE/FhOZK7Vh3N0/s1600/coffeemachine.jpeg" height="320" width="240" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Coffee Machine</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In this coffee machine after inserting the coins in the slot you have to select your coffee bean. So, you press the rectangular labels to select your coffee but...they are not buttons! Probably you might think this because of Coke Can Machines work that way but...these ones not. Mmm...this is really working? Lets press the + or - sign that supposedly controls the amount of sugar...Wait WHAT? they are not buttons! </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">After 10 minutes standing at the machine you can distinguish BLACK rounded buttons with BLACK background. Clearly a bad design!</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BX2Xm_R-fI8/UxRi8r-wetI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/c01tv0syXHk/s1600/stupidkeyboard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BX2Xm_R-fI8/UxRi8r-wetI/AAAAAAAAAKQ/c01tv0syXHk/s1600/stupidkeyboard.jpg" height="213" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Keyboard Layout</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The guy who came up with this amazing design should be in prison right now. In fact, a friend used to have this keyboard. I never was able to use it. Every time I wrote something, suddenly the computer shut down unexpectedly...My friend always said to me "you probably has pressed the shut down key". Nice...thanks for the two hours I have sent to the trash. Terrible design!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Thinking in What, Why and How</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Suppose you have to design a new software product what would you do?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Start coding in a frenzy way until you are done with? Studying the characteristics of a well known similar software? Asking your end users about their experience, their problems, studying their tools and based on this start thinking about the what, why and how to design it? Probably the best approach would be the latter one. One of the main advantages is that you will definitely save money, time and effort. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Conceptual Models</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A good way to better understanding the problem domain is to develop conceptual models. By conceptual models we mean a description of the proposed system in terms of ideas and concepts about what it should do and look like also being understandable by the users. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Developing conceptual models helps to envision the future product based on the user's needs and other requirements identified. As the product is being developed it is highly advisable to do iterative testing to ensure that it is designed to be understandable in the way that was planned. A key aspect in the design process is to identify what tasks the user will be doing when using the product. <span style="background-color: white;">As with any aspect of interaction design, the process of filtering or cleaning the conceptual
models should be done iteratively, using </span><span style="background-color: white;">different methods such as </span><span style="background-color: white;">sketching ideas, storyboards, brainstorming sessions (or visual brainstorming), describing scenarios (like "stories") and prototyping
aspects of how the system works<span style="font-size: 11pt;">.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Norman's Framework (1988)</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">One of the most important activities while developing a conceptual model is to determine if the users will understand the system in the manner intended. Norman presented a framework to make the relationship between the design of a conceptual model and the user's understanding be clearer.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">In this framework we can distinguish three different components:</span></div>
<ul><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
<li style="text-align: left;">the Design Model represents how the system <b>should</b> work, </li>
<li style="text-align: left;">the System Image represents how the system <b>actually</b> works</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">the User's Model represents how he <b>thinks</b> the system works.</li>
</span></ul>
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</span>The point is that even though everybody should have the same idea or (metal model) of the system, real world doesn't work that way. Users, in most of the cases, are not able to complete their tasks effectively and error-free because their mental model is quite different from the Design Model and the System Image.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Jacob Nielsen wrote a blogpost explains a little bit what Mental Models are. In it, he says that mental models are "<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;">based on </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;"><b>belief</b></span><strong style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;">, not facts</strong><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;">: that is, it's a model of what users know (or think they know) about a system such as your website". This definition brings to the light the discrepancies that Norman's Framework want to iron out. </span>Also, "Metal Models" by Indi Young states that "metal models <span style="background-color: white;">give you a deep understanding of people’s motivations and thought-processes, along with the emotional and philosophical landscape in which they are operating". Moreover, the author highlight the importance that these kind of models have. She summary this idea in the "three C's":</span></span><br />
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<ul>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Confidence - guide the decision of the solution, </span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Clarity - make good user and business decisions,</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Continuity - ensure longevity of vision and opportunity.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Furthermore, Don Norman affirmed previously the idea that "the designer has an obligation to provide an appropriate conceptual model for the way that the device works. It doesn't have to be completely accurate, but it has to be sufficiently accurate that it will help in both the learning of the operation and also dealing with novel situations".</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Process of Design</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Pabini Gabriel-Petit, a professional with more than 20 years of experience in User Experience and Design, in an article at uxmatter.com wrote that in the goal for achieving optimal design solutions, designers need an effective process that provides a framework to work with to deliver high quality work.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This should be a user-centered design (UCD) process, but also being a flexible process. She came up with UC3D Lifecycle that comprises three phases: <i>Discovery</i>, <i>Design</i>, and <i>Development Support</i>.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">UC3D Lifecycle - from uxmatters.com</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The UC3D can be summarised in the following steps:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Discovery Phase:</b></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Learning about your users </span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Try to gain all the understanding possible of your users. Use your intuition to put yourself in your user's place. Once you truly understand your users, this understanding provides a basis for modelling your users. </span><br /><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Modelling your users (like using model <i>personas</i>)</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Once you are armed with all the information your group can develop profiles (or "personas" which are fictional user archetypes that are representative of your end users). </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Based on your information, you can develop a set of clearly differentiated user profiles whose goals and needs you intend your product to serve.</span><br /><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Analysing your user's tasks</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">This step comprise the identification of the tasks (task domain) that the user follow while using the future system and will be the basis for designing its workflows. Task analysis is an activity that can help you to understand much in depth the tasks.</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Eliciting and Defining Clear Product Requirements</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">During this step requirements are clearly identified and </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">prioritised. The working team will design and define</span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> what capabilities, features, and qualities your product must have. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /><b>Design Phase:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><div>
<ul>
<li>Developing Conceptual Models</li>
</ul>
Conceptual modelling is an activity that helps your working group see your product's concepts, workflows, features, and language from your users's viewpoint and envision, define, and design products that are simpler, more consistent, and easier for users to understand.<br /><ul>
<li>Solving Key Design Problems Through Ideation</li>
</ul>
During ideation everyone on your working group has an opportunity to communicate requirements and constraints and contribute design ideas. Ideation involves <i>rapidly</i> generating many different possible workflows and user interface design solutions and capturing them by sketching designs on easel pads or whiteboards or in notebooks. As an example this can be seen in the video <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDNngQjN6o4&feature=youtu.be">How Google fixed its design process and started making beautiful apps</a> and also being part of the next step.<br /><ul>
<li>Doing Detailed Design</li>
</ul>
Once your working group has agreed on some basic design approaches during previous step, you will continue working on them during this step, continually refining your interaction design solutions by optimising workflows and interaction models, and creating design artifacts that communicate them effectively (like flowcharts and wireframes). All the feedback from the working group is taking into account to make more refinements on the design solutions. After all team is satisfied all stakeholders will approve design artifacts for implementation.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b>Development Support:</b></span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Providing Development Support</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Your iterative process of design refinement should continue throughout product development as developers discover they need additional design details. All doubts that may arise should be answered by the working team to the people in charge of the development, and clarify design artifacts as necessary.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 17.920000076293945px; text-indent: 21px;">Also at this stage, if the testing reveals usability problems or usability issues you will need to do recheck your design solutions and artifacts. However, most of the usability issues you discover at this step are not addressed until the next product release. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 17.920000076293945px; text-indent: 21px;">The Development Support Phase ends with the delivery of the (supposedly) high quality product that meets user's needs and is easy to learn and use.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Conclusion</span></h4>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Finally, if we can separate the less possible the Design Model and the User's Model making good conceptual models we will come up with understandable, enjoyable and easy to use products. In addition to have good conceptual models, expertise in the domain can help substantially. But, the implementation of an efficient design process such as UC3D will play a central role in the deliver of a high quality product.</span><br />
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J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26073130.post-1947838754428784822014-02-23T19:27:00.002-03:002014-02-24T12:01:06.691-03:00Review of Metaphor, myth and mimicry: the bases of software engineering<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the paper "Metaphor, myth, and mimicry: the bases of software engineering", Antony Bryant analyses the problematic around the term "software engineering", exposing and discussing multiple point of views from different recognised authors over the last years concerning what brings with (as unwanted baggage) the use of the status "engineering" in software.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Bryant opens his paper saying that in the 80s the term wasn't problematic at all and used to be a <i>"good thing"</i> but with the pass of time, the concept was transformed into more activities than just ordinary programming. The idea that software had to be "engineered" gave an image of rigour, care and assurance. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">However, soon began to be often misunderstood. In the late 90s, there was a consensus over the term within the academic and research community. Later discussions threads on the electronic list from the Conference of Professors and Heads of Computing produced and accepted what involves research, the study of computing, informatics, software engineering and other related terminology. Anyhow, the ones that were senior academic understood it but not the ones that were outside that domain such as practitioners, wider engineering communities, potential students and so on. In this point, is where Bryant sets the dilemma that software developers wants to imitate engineers and demand the status of an engineering discipline but commercial demands and consumer desires do not support this. Likewise, he suggests that maybe the term by itself adds extra complexity or confusion. This is where he wants to focus much more in depth in the rest of his work. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Looking much in depth the second section, the author tries to expose the distinct opinions of different authors about what software engineering is and fundamental key points to take into account. His goal is to reflect the ambiguity or unclearness of some ideas that still predominates over time caused by an emerging discipline that still needs to establish itself. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Also, he strongly points out that terminology highly influence knowledge and the practice. <b>[o]</b> I think the terminology will always be an obstacle when it comes to the definition of software engineering. Consequently, the practice and domain will always be affected. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Moving on to the third section, Brooks's classic paper "No Silver Bullet" comes into consideration to depict the dilemma of software engineering. Moreover, in his work he expressed his worry about the use of construction metaphors in software engineering (also referring at this as the replacement of a metaphor by another) that derive in a </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">powerful impact on people's practices and cognition. From this, maybe the term "software engineering" itself its constraining rather helping in software development. At the end, the author of this paper poses the idea of <i>rejecting</i> metaphors altogether or at least <i>admit</i> the side effects of them. In my opinion, trying to eliminate all the existent metaphors can have serious drawbacks. People are used to them, they feel comfortable with them and literature from many years ago use it. Additionally, there will be cases where people will refuse in changing their way of thinking. Thus, the only suitable choice is admitting the drawbacks and live with them. Maybe, as an extreme idea, we could create new metaphors but again we will come again to the starting point of the discussion. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In order to analyse and dismantle the engineering metaphor for software development, the author presents two examples. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The first one, <i>IT</i>, illustrates how terminology generates a barrier for understanding what the term means. For instance, causing people erroneously apply for a job in IT or not applying to it. Frankly, I still have doubts about the definition of the term and I have always seen as clear example of how a word can blur a job or area.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The second one, requirements, is much more critical to software development practices. There is a general idea that requirements phase is seen as the most important and most difficult phase. Furthermore, the term "requirements engineering", is associated to activities that lead to the creation of the products of these phase. The terminology surrounding requirements for computer-based systems is replete with references to the engineering metaphor. Similarly, the idea that a good requirement specification should be clear, concise, concrete, and so on. Moreover, the assumption is that the requirement process must be systematic with some elements of formality and management. Bryant states that although the engineering metaphor provides a useful basis it's partially correct, arguing that it might obscure key features of the process.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">I partially agree with Bryant in saying that metaphors hide or blur key aspects, but the reality also indicates that they also form a basic human mechanism to transform or interpret complex ideas or concepts in a more humane way. Personally, I don't think that metaphors obscure essential aspects if they are handled correctly. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Also, to depict how communication can have a big impact in the interpretation of the ideas, the author explains the <i>conduit metaphor</i>. The underlying concept of the conduit metaphor is that the information is transferred from one point or person to another. Good communication flows without blockages and good reception involves extraction and unwrapping it. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">From my point of view, failure in the communication within all the parts involved is due a series of factors. As Davis stated paraphrasing Demarco, anyone involved in requirements should have strong human skills, communication skills, feeling skills and listening skills. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Moreover, communication will fail without applying the proper effort. That is why I think that should be encouraged from the very first time.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Finally, the paper ends suggesting that the engineering metaphor moved us forward in the activity of developing a discipline for software development. I could not agree more with his statement. Personally, I believe that even though we are not seeing clearly where are we going or from where are we coming eventually we will find the appropriate foundation. Logically more discussions and new points of view will arise making us reformulate theory and concepts.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span>J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/03497599281269161683noreply@blogger.com0